Rag
Bailey has now published his hardly independent review on
sexualisation and rather reveals his nutter stance by claiming
that the world is a nasty place and that in an ideal
world, adult entertainment would be shunned by society. He says:
We believe that a truly
family-friendly society would not need to erect barriers between
age groups to shield the young: it would, instead, uphold and
reinforce healthy norms for adults and children alike, so that
excess is recognised for what it is and there is transparency
about its consequences.
Bailey's summary reads:
The Review has encountered two very
different approaches towards helping children deal with the
pressures to grow up too quickly. The first approach seems
to suggest that we can try to keep children wholly innocent
and unknowing until they are adults. The world is a nasty
place and children should be unsullied by it until they are
mature enough to deal with it. This is a view that finds its
expression in outrage, for example, that childrenswear
departments stock clothes for young children that appear to
be merely scaled-down versions of clothes with an adult
sexuality, such as padded bras. It depends on an underlying
assumption that children can be easily led astray, so that
even glimpses of the adult world will hurry them into
adulthood. Worse still, this approach argues, what children
wear or do or say could make them vulnerable to predators or
paedophiles.
The second approach is that we
should accept the world for what it is and simply give
children the tools to understand it and navigate their way
through it better. Unlike the first approach, this is
coupled with an assumption that children are not passive
receivers of these messages or simple imitators of adults;
rather they willingly interact with the commercial and
sexualised world and consume what it has to offer. This is a
view that says to do anything more than raise the ability of
children to understand the commercial and sexual world
around them, and especially their view of it through the
various media, is to create a moral panic. The argument
suggests that we would infantilise adults if we make the
world more benign for children, so we should adultify
children.
This Review concludes that neither
approach, although each is understandable, can be effective
on its own. We recognise that the issues raised by the
commercialisation and sexualisation of childhood are rooted
in the character of our wider adult culture and that
children need both protection from a range of harms, and
knowledge of different kinds, appropriate to their age,
understanding and experience. Parents have the primary role
here but others have a responsibility to play an active part
too, including businesses, the media and their regulators.
Above all, however, we believe that a truly family-friendly
society would not need to erect barriers between age groups
to shield the young: it would, instead, uphold and reinforce
healthy norms for adults and children alike, so that excess
is recognised for what it is and there is transparency about
its consequences. The creation of a truly family-friendly
society is the aspiration: in the meantime, we need a
different approach.
Reg Bailey's recommendations are:
- Ensuring that magazines and
newspapers with sexualised images on their covers are not in
easy sight of children. Retail associations in the news
industry should do more to encourage observance of the
voluntary code of practice on the display of magazines and
newspapers with sexualised images on their covers.
Publishers and distributors should provide such magazines in
modesty sleeves, or make modesty boards available, to all
outlets they supply and strongly encourage the appropriate
display of their publications. Retailers should be open and
transparent to show that they welcome and will act on
customer feedback regarding magazine displays.
- Reducing the amount of on-street
advertising containing sexualised imagery in locations where
children are likely to see it. The advertising industry
should take into account the social responsibility clause of
the Committee of Advertising Practice (CAP) code when
considering placement of advertisements with sexualised
imagery near schools, in the same way as they already do for
alcohol advertisements. The Advertising Standards Authority
(ASA) should place stronger emphasis on the location of an
advertisement, and the number of children likely to be
exposed to it, when considering whether an on-street
advertisement is compliant with the CAP code.
- Ensuring the content of
pre-watershed television programming better meets parents'
expectations. There are concerns among parents about the
content of certain programmes shown before the watershed.
The watershed was introduced to protect children, and
pre-watershed programming should therefore be developed and
regulated with a greater weight towards the attitudes and
views of parents, rather than viewers as a whole. In
addition, broadcasters should involve parents on an ongoing
basis in testing the standards by which family viewing on
television is assessed and the Office of Communications (Ofcom)
should extend its existing research into the views of
parents on the watershed. Broadcasters and Ofcom should
report annually on how they have specifically engaged
parents over the previous year, what they have learnt and
what they are doing differently as a result.
- Introducing Age Rating for Music
Videos. Government should consult as a matter of priority on
whether music videos should continue to be treated
differently from other genres, and whether the exemption
from the Video Recordings Act 1984 and 2010, which allows
them to be sold without a rating or certificate, should be
removed. As well as ensuring hard copy sales are only made
on an age-appropriate basis, removal of the exemption would
assist broadcasters and internet companies in ensuring that
the content is made available responsibly.
- Making it easier for parents to
block adult and age-restricted material from the internet:
To provide a consistent level of protection across all
media, as a matter of urgency, the internet industry should
ensure that customers must make an active choice over what
sort of content they want to allow their children to access.
To facilitate this, the internet industry must act
decisively to develop and introduce effective parental
controls, with Government regulation if voluntary action is
not forthcoming within a reasonable timescale. In addition,
those providing content which is age-restricted, whether by
law or company policy, should seek robust means of age
verification as well as making it easy for parents to block
underage access.
- Developing a retail code of good
practice on retailing to children. Retailers, alongside
their trade associations, should develop and comply with a
voluntary code of good practice for all aspects of retailing
to children. The British Retail Consortium (BRC) should
continue its work in this area as a matter of urgency and
encourage non-BRC members to sign up to its code.
- Ensuring that the regulation of
advertising reflects more closely parents' and children's
views. The Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) should
conduct research with parents and children on a regular
basis in order to gauge their views on the ASA's approach to
regulation and on the ASA's decisions, publishing the
results and subsequent action taken in their annual report.
- Prohibiting the employment of
children as brand ambassadors and in peer-to-peer marketing.
The Committee of Advertising Practice and other advertising
and marketing bodies should urgently explore whether, as
many parents believe, the advertising self- regulatory codes
should prohibit the employment of children under the age of
16 as brand ambassadors or in peer-to-peer marketing – where
people are paid, or paid in kind, to promote products,
brands or services.
- Defining a child as under the age
of 16 in all types of advertising regulation. The ASA should
conduct research with parents, children and young people to
determine whether the ASA should always define a child as a
person under the age of 16, in line with the Committee of
Advertising Practice and Broadcast Committee of Advertising
Practice codes.
- Raising parental awareness of
marketing and advertising techniques. Industry and
regulators should work together to improve parental
awareness of marketing and advertising techniques and of
advertising regulation and complaints processes and to
promote industry best practice.
- Quality assurance for media and
commercial literacy resources and education for children.
These resources should always include education to help
children develop their emotional resilience to the
commercial and sexual pressures that today's world places on
them. Providers should commission independent evaluation of
their provision, not solely measuring take-up but,
crucially, to assess its effectiveness. Those bodies with
responsibilities for promoting media literacy, including
Ofcom and the BBC, should encourage the development of
minimum standards guidance for the content of media and
commercial literacy education and resources to children.
- Ensuring greater transparency in
the regulatory framework by creating a single website for
regulators. There is a variety of co-, self- and statutory
regulators across the media, communications and retail
industries. Regulators should work together to create a
single website to act as an interface between themselves and
parents. This will set out simply and clearly what parents
can do if they feel a programme, advertisement, product or
service is inappropriate for their children; explain the
legislation in simple terms; and provide links to quick and
easy complaints forms on regulators' own individual
websites. This single website could also provide a way for
parents to provide informal feedback and comments, with an
option to do so anonymously, which regulators can use as an
extra gauge of parental views. Results of regulators'
decisions, and their reactions to any informal feedback,
should be published regularly on the single site.
- Making it easier for parents to
express their views to businesses about goods and services.
All businesses that market goods or services to children
should have a one-click link to their complaints service
from their home page, clearly labelled complaints.
Information provided as part of the complaints and feedback
process should state explicitly that the business welcomes
comments and complaints from parents about issues affecting
children. Businesses should also provide timely feedback to
customers in reaction to customer comment. For retail
businesses this should form part of their code of good
practice (see Recommendation 6), and should also cover how
to make it.
- Ensuring that businesses and
others take action on these recommendations. Government
should take stock of progress against the recommendations of
this review in 18 months' time. This stocktake should report
on the success or otherwise of businesses and others in
adopting these recommendations. If it concludes that
insufficient progress has been made, the Government should
consider taking the most effective action available,
including regulating through legislation if necessary, to
achieve the recommended outcome.
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